Selecting a Flange
Selecting the right flange for a specific application involves several considerations. Here are key points to keep in mind:
Working Pressures:
– Temperature and Pressure Ratings: Flanges have working pressures based on atmospheric temperatures. It’s crucial to refer to the specifications for precise pressure ratings under different temperatures, considering materials used, gasket types, and bolt requirements.
Helpful Guidelines:
– Commonly Available Flanges: ASME/ANSI B16.5 and AWWA C207 series flanges are among the most commonly available options. These selections often represent the most cost-effective choices for various applications.
Domestic Capabilities:
– US Manufactured Flanges: For projects requiring domestically manufactured flanges, there’s the option to request 100% US-manufactured flanges to meet specific project needs and compliance requirements.
When selecting a flange, understanding the pressure and temperature requirements, considering the industry standards like ASME/ANSI B16.5 and AWWA C207, and having the option for domestically manufactured flanges can greatly assist in making informed decisions for your application needs.
AWWA THINGS TO KNOW
AWWA Flange Material:
– Material Types: AWWA flanges can be manufactured from various materials, including plates, bars, or forged materials, based on specific project requirements and industry standards.
– Steel Requirements: When it comes to steel used for AWWA flanges, it must meet specific standards and requirements set forth by the American Water Works Association. These standards ensure the quality, durability, and suitability of the steel for use in water-related applications.
Minimum Tensile Strength | 50,000 psi / 345 Mpa |
Minimum Yield Strength | 32,000 psi / 221 Mpa |
Elongation based on 2″ gage length min | 18% |
Elongation based on 8″ gage length min | 14% |
Carbon maximum | 0.29 percent |
Phosphorus maximum | 0.04 percent |
Sulfur maximum | 0.05 percent |
Detailed Information:
– Consulting Specifications: This summary provides a general overview. For more comprehensive and detailed information regarding AWWA flanges, including material specifications, manufacturing processes, and other technical details, it’s advisable to refer directly to the latest AWWA C207 or C228 specifications.
– Contacting AWWA: For specific inquiries or detailed information about AWWA flanges, contacting the American Water Works Association or referring to their official publications can provide the most accurate and up-to-date details regarding materials, standards, and guidelines.
AWWA flanges play a critical role in water-related applications, and ensuring compliance with the latest AWWA specifications for material, design, and manufacturing processes is essential to maintain the integrity and safety of water supply systems. For in-depth information and precise details, it’s recommended to consult the official AWWA specifications or contact the relevant authorities.
AWWA Bolting:
Bolt Specifications:
– Bolts: ASTM A193 B7 bolts are specified for AWWA flange applications. These bolts are heat-treated chromium-molybdenum steel and have good strength properties, making them suitable for high-pressure and high-temperature services.
Nut Specifications:
– Nuts: ASTM A194 2H heavy hex nuts are recommended for most applications. For smaller diameters (1″ and below), ASTM A563 nuts are acceptable.
Washer Specifications:
– Washers: If utilized, washers must adhere to ASTM F436 standards. These washers typically provide hardened, structural support under the bolt head or nut, ensuring proper load distribution.
Bolt Length Calculation:
– Calculation: The total bolt length is determined by adding the maximum flange thickness, gasket thickness, washer thickness (if applicable), depth of the nut, plus a minimum of 1/4 inch. For stud bolts, add the depth of the second nut and washer plus an additional 1/8″.
AWWA Gaskets:
Gasket Specifications:
– Rubber Gaskets: Rubber gaskets used must have a hardness ranging between Shore A 70-85 and should provide a gasket seating stress of 200 psi. These gaskets conform to ASTM D1330 Grade 1 standards.
– Alternative Gasket Types: Compressed Fiber (CFG) or PTFE gaskets are also permissible. CFG gaskets offer durability and resilience, while PTFE gaskets provide chemical resistance.
Seating Stress:
– Minimum Seating Stress: Gaskets must be suitable for a minimum seating stress of 4800 psi to ensure effective sealing under pressure.
Ring Gasket Dimensions:
– Ring Gasket Diameters: If not using full-face gaskets extending to the outer diameter (OD):
– Inside diameter (ID) of the ring gasket should match the ID of the flange.
– Outside diameter (OD) of the ring gasket should be calculated as the bolt circle diameter minus the bolt hole diameter.
These detailed specifications and requirements for bolting, washers, and gaskets ensure proper assembly, sealing, and structural integrity in AWWA flange applications. Always adhere to these specifications to maintain the safety and reliability of the flanged connections in water supply systems.
AWWA TOLERANCES
Outside Diameter (OD) | +- 1/8″ (3.2mm) |
Inside Diameter (ID) | + 1/16″ (1.6mm) -0 |
Thickness 18″ nominal and smaller | +1/8 (3.2mm) -0 |
Thickness 20″ nominal and larger | +3/16″ (4.8mm) -0 |
Bolt Circle Diameter (BC) | +- 1/16″ (1.6mm) |
Bolt Hole Spacing (aka Chord) | +- 1/32″ (.79mm) |
AWWA Flange Facing:
– Spiral Serrated Finish: Flanges commonly feature a spiral serrated finish with 24-55 grooves per inch. This finish type enhances sealing capability by providing a surface that aids in preventing leaks.
– Concentric Serrated Finish: Available by special order, concentric serrated finishes are rare. This finish, similar to the spiral serrated, assists in improving the sealing properties of the flanges.
– Cutting Tool Specifications: To achieve the specified finish, a cutting tool with a radius of 0.06 inches or less should be used, resulting in a surface roughness between 125-500 RMS (3.2-12.7 RA).
AWWA Drilling:
– Bolt Hole Sizing for Different Sizes:
– For flanges up to and including 84″ nominal size, bolt holes are drilled 1/8″ (3.2mm) larger than the bolt/stud diameter.
– Flanges above 84″ nominal size have larger bolt holes drilled at 3/16″ (4.8 mm) greater than the bolt/stud diameter.
– Bolt holes may be drilled 1/8″ larger in diameter to accommodate insulators or for alignment purposes when necessary.
AWWA Test Pressures:
– Pressure Testing: AWWA specifies that test pressures for flanges should be 1.5 times the flange pressure ratings. This testing procedure ensures the integrity and reliability of the flanges under operating conditions.
These specific details regarding flange facing, drilling specifications, and test pressures outlined by AWWA provide crucial guidelines for ensuring proper installation, sealing efficiency, and structural integrity in water supply systems. Adhering to these specifications is essential to maintain the safety and performance of AWWA flange connections.
ASME/ANSI B16.5 THINGS TO KNOW
ASME/ANSI B16.5 Flange Material:
– Common Carbon Steel Materials: The most frequently used carbon steel materials for B16.5 flanges are A105, A350 LF2, A515-70 (for Blinds Only), and A516-70 (for Blinds Only). These materials are chosen based on their suitability for various applications and pressure classes.
ASME/ANSI B16.5 Gaskets:
– Variety of Gasket Types: The B16.5 specification allows for multiple gasket types, considering the operating environment. The specific gasket type to be used should be determined based on factors such as temperature, pressure, and the nature of the media being sealed. Refer to the specification for comprehensive details on gasket selection.
ASME/ANSI B16.5 Bolting:
– Standard Bolting Material: ASTM A193 B7 bolts are commonly used as the minimum strength requirement for bolting in ASME/ANSI B16.5 flanges. However, the specification permits other options depending on the pressure class of the flange. Bolting materials are selected to meet the strength and environmental requirements of the application.
ASME/ANSI B16.5 Test Pressure:
– Testing Standards: Test pressures applied to B16.5 flanges are set at 1.5 times the pressure rating. This testing process ensures the durability and integrity of the flanges under operating conditions and confirms their ability to withstand pressure without failure.
ASME/ANSI B16.5 Marking:
– Flange Marking Details: Flanges supplied by CAB will be marked with essential information including B16.5 (indicating the standard), pressure class, material grade, heat number, and manufacturer details. This marking provides crucial information for identification, traceability, and compliance verification.
This summary outlines key aspects related to materials, gaskets, bolting, test pressure, and marking for ASME/ANSI B16.5 flanges. For more comprehensive and detailed information, it’s recommended to refer directly to the latest ASME/ANSI B16.5 specification or consult relevant authorities.
ASME/ANSI B16.5 TOLERANCES
(Partial listing of common slip on flange tolerances; more details in ASME/ANSI B16.5 specification)
Outside Diameter | – |
Inside Diameter 10″ nominal and smaller | +0.03″ -0 |
Inside Diameter 12″ nominal and larger | +0.06″ -0 |
Thickness 18″ nominal and smaller | +0.12″ -0 |
Thickness 20″ nominal and larger | +0.19″ -0 |
Bolt Circle | – |
Bolt Hole Spacing | – |
Bolt Circle Concentricity – 2.5″ and smaller | 0.03″ |
Bolt Circle Concentricity – 3″ and larger | 0.06″ |
ASME/ANSI B16.5 Flange Facing:
Raised Face Specification:
– Raised Face Addition: B16.5 flanges commonly come with a raised face, which is an additional feature added to the minimum flange thickness (thickness through bolt hole).
– For Class 150 and 300 flanges, a raised face of 0.06″ is added.
– For Class 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 flanges, a raised face of 0.25″ is added.
– Flat Faced Flanges: While raised faces are standard, flat-faced flanges are also available as an alternative.
Flange Face Finish:
– Spiral Serrated Finish: Flange faces typically come with a spiral serrated finish, featuring 44-55 grooves per inch and an RMS (Root Mean Square) of 125-250 (3.2 to 6.3 RA) finish. This finish enhances the sealing capability of the flanges, contributing to better gasket sealing and reducing the risk of leaks.
Summary:
The ASME/ANSI B16.5 standard for flange facing specifies the addition of raised faces for different flange classes and the availability of flat-faced flanges as an alternative. Additionally, the specification details the specific requirements for the spiral serrated finish, ensuring improved sealing properties for flanged connections. These standards contribute to effective sealing and reliable performance in various industrial applications.
ASME B16.47 THINGS TO KNOW
ASME B16.47 Flange Material:
– Common Carbon Steel Materials: A105, A350 LF2, A515-70 (for Blinds Only), and A516-70 (for Blinds Only) are among the most frequently used carbon steel materials for B16.47 flanges. These materials are chosen based on their suitability for various applications and pressure classes.
ASME B16.47 Gaskets:
– Nonmetallic Gaskets: Nonmetallic gaskets used in B16.47 flanges should comply with ASME B16.21 standards. These gaskets are chosen based on their ability to effectively seal and withstand the operating conditions.
– Metallic Gaskets: Metallic gaskets conforming to ASME B16.20 standards are also utilized. These gaskets, often made of metal materials like stainless steel, provide robust sealing capabilities for high-pressure applications.
ASME B16.47 Bolting:
– Standard Bolting Material: ASTM A193 B7 bolts are commonly employed as the minimum strength requirement for bolting in ASME B16.47 flanges. However, the specification permits other options based on the pressure class of the flange. Bolting materials are selected to meet the strength and environmental requirements of the application.
ASME B16.47 Test Pressure:
– No Pressure Testing Required: According to ASME B16.47 specifications, flanges are not mandated to undergo pressure testing. However, other quality control measures may apply to ensure the performance and integrity of the flanges.
ASME B16.47 Marking:
– Flange Marking Details: Flanges supplied by CAB will be marked with essential information including B16.47 (indicating the standard), pressure class, material grade, heat number, and manufacturer details. This marking provides crucial information for identification, traceability, and compliance verification.
This summary highlights key aspects related to materials, gaskets, bolting, test pressure, and marking for ASME B16.47 flanges. For more comprehensive and detailed information, it’s recommended to refer directly to the latest ASME B16.47 specification or consult relevant authorities.
ASME B16.47 TOLERANCES
(Partial listing of common slip on flange tolerances; more details in ASME B16.47 specification)
Inside Diameter 10″ nominal and smaller | +.03″ -0 |
Inside Diameter 12″ nominal and larger | +.06″ -0 |
Thickness of Flange through bolt hole 1″ or less | +.12″ -0 |
Thickness of Flange through bolt hole >1″ to 2″ | +.19″ -0 |
Thickness of Flange through bolt hole >2″ to 3″ | +.31″ -0 |
Thickness of Flange through bolt hole >3″ | +.38″ -0 |
Bolt Circle | .06″ |
Bolt Hole Spacing | .03″ |
Bolt Circle Concentricity | .06″ |
ASME B16.47 Flange Facing:
Raised Face Specification:
– Raised Face Addition: B16.47 flanges commonly come with a raised face, an additional feature added to the minimum flange thickness (thickness through bolt hole).
– For Class 75, 150, and 300 flanges, a raised face of 0.06″ is added.
– For Class 400, 600, and 900 flanges, a raised face of 0.25″ is added.
– Flat Faced Flanges: Flat-faced flanges are available upon request as an alternative to raised face flanges.
Flange Face Finish:
– Spiral Serrated Finish: Flange faces typically have a spiral serrated finish, featuring 44-55 grooves per inch and an RMS (Root Mean Square) of 125-250 (3.2 to 6.3 RA) finish. This finish enhances the sealing capability of the flanges, contributing to better gasket sealing and reducing the risk of leaks.
ASME B16.47 Series A and B:
– Historical Specifications: ASME B16.47 Series A was formerly known as MSS SP 44 specification, while Series B was known as API 605 specification.
– Combination in ASME Standard: Both Series A and B specifications have been combined and included in the ASME B16.47 specification. This consolidation streamlines the standards and provides a unified reference for flange requirements.
The ASME B16.47 specification details the raised face additions, availability of flat-faced flanges, and the spiral serrated finish for flange faces. Additionally, it merges historical standards (MSS SP 44 and API 605) into the ASME B16.47 standard, offering a comprehensive and unified reference for flange specifications.
OTHER
It appears you’ve provided information about different types of flanges with varying characteristics and specifications:
Class 125 Lightweight Flanges:
– Not officially governed by a specific flange specification.
– Designed as slip-on type flanges with drilling matching 150 or 125 drill patterns.
– Lack an official pressure rating; early AWWA specifications had a Class D hub type slip-on flange with dimensions and pressure rating similar to 150 psi.
Ductile Iron Backup Flanges:
– Considered “unrated” for use in non-pressure applications.
– Drilling patterns aligned with 150 or 125 drilling standards.
Pressure Vessel Flanges:
– Designed according to ASME Section VIII specifications.
– Primarily tailored for use in pressure vessel applications.
– Usually custom-built upon specific orders due to their less common usage.
Tubeturns Slip-On Flanges:
– Originally designed and featured in Tubeturns’ flange catalog for an extended period.
– Drill patterns aligned with common valve drilling patterns, such as 150/125 and 300/250 patterns.
These variations of flanges serve different purposes and have specific design characteristics tailored to their intended applications, drilling patterns, and pressure ratings (where applicable). While some follow recognized specifications, others may lack standardized ratings or have custom features, catering to specialized requirements.
Drill Patterns
Flanges with 125 (Same as 150) Drill Pattern:
– ANSI B16.1
– ANSI/ASME B16.5 150
– AWWA C207 D
– AWWA C207 E
– AWWA C228 SA
– AWWA C228 SB
– AWWA C228 SD
– AWWA C228 SE
Flanges with 150 Drill Pattern (Same as 125):
– ANSI/ASME B16.5 150
– AWWA C207 D
– AWWA C207 E
– AWWA C228 SA
– AWWA C228 SB
– AWWA C228 SD
– AWWA C228 SE
Flanges with 250 Drill Pattern (Same as 300):
– ANSI B16.1
Flanges with 300 Drill Pattern (Same as 250):
– ANSI/ASME B16.5 300
– AWWA C207 F
– AWWA C228 SF
These classifications outline different flange specifications aligned with their respective drill patterns. The mentioned specifications are categorized based on their drill patterns, which often correspond to specific standards or applications within various industries.
